Utah

Learn how ballot initiatives, constitutional amendments, and direct democracy shape elections and public policy in Utah.

3 min read

What Is SJR2 in Utah? A Voter's Guide to the 2026 Ballot Initiative

Senate Joint Resolution 2 (SJR2) is a legislatively referred constitutional amendment on Utah's November 3, 2026, ballot. It would amend Article VI, Section 1 of the Utah Constitution to require 60% voter approval — rather than a simple majority — for citizen initiatives that raise tax revenue. If SJR2 passes, an initiative that raises taxes could receive a majority of votes and still fail, allowing a minority of just over 40% to block it.

Aug 31, 2026

2 min read

The History of Direct Democracy in Utah

Utah became the second state in the nation to establish a statewide initiative and referendum process in 1900.

Aug 31, 2026

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Ballot Measure FAQs

Does a supermajority requirement apply to all elections?

No. Some apply only to citizen-initiated measures, not to legislatively referred measures. Some supermajority requirements apply only to constitutional amendments, not to statutory ballot measures. The specifics vary significantly from state to state.

Is a supermajority requirement the same as minority rule?

In practice, any supermajority threshold gives a minority coalition the power to defeat a majority-supported measure. The higher the threshold, the greater the power of the minority. If 60% is required for passage, a blocking coalition needs only 40% of voters plus one vote to be successful

What is the main argument for a supermajority requirement?

Proponents argue that important decisions — such as changes to a state constitution — should reflect a very broad social consensus rather than a narrow majority.

What is the main argument against a supermajority requirement?

Critics argue that supermajority requirements create minority rule by allowing a smaller group of voters to block policies supported by a majority, undermining the core democratic principle that the side with more votes wins.

How do I vote?

States offer several ways to cast a ballot: by mail, early in person,or on Election Day in person. How to vote depends on your state. Thefederal government recommends contacting state or local electionoffices for current voting methods and locations because sites andhours can vary by election and county.

How do I register to vote?

Registering to vote is the single most critical step in exercising your power in direct democracy. You must ensure your registration is active before any election cycle. It varies by state, and it’s best to check your registration status before every major election, especially if you have moved or have not voted in recent years. Accessing voter education resources through your state's official election website is the best way to confirm your eligibility and registration details. Click below to find details for your state:

Who Supports Majority Rule?

Support for majority rule cuts across party lines. Voters consistently express a preference for simple majority rule. Here is a list of states where voters have resoundingly supported majority rule in recent years:

Ohio (2023) — Issue 1
Proposed 60% supermajority for citizen-initiated constitutional amendments
Result: Rejected by voters 57% No, 43% Yes
South Dakota (2022) — Amendment C
Proposed 60% supermajority for ballot measures increasing taxes or appropriating ≥$10M Result: Rejected by voters 67% No, 33% Yes
Arkansas (2022) — Issue 2
Proposed 60% supermajority for constitutional amendments and citizen-initiated measures
Result: Rejected by voters 59% No, 41% Yes
South Dakota (2018) — Amendment X
Proposed 55% supermajority for all constitutional amendments
Result: Rejected by voters 54% No, 46% Yes

Why it matters: Requiring more than a simple majority of votes to pass something shifts power away from the majority and gives the minority the power to block popular policies. For example, if a state required 60% of the vote to pass an amendment instead of 50%, just 40% of voters could block any measure regardless of the issue – whether it’s increasing public safety spending, lowering taxes, feeding kids, just 40% of voters could say no, and the measure would fail.

What are the pros and cons of simple majorities and supermajorities?

In the context of ballot measures, “majority rule” typically refers to the standard of a simple majority deciding the outcome of a vote. Simple majority rule is an effective structure to ensure that the majority of voters have their preferences heard. It is a founding principle of American democracy.

Supermajorities are more controversial. Debate often centers on the merits of coalescing a broad coalition to support something vs the reality that supermajorities deliver significant power to minority viewpoints. When states set higher bars for passage, it can functionally turn majority rule into minority rule. In this scenario, a coalition of just more than 40% of voters can effectively block a policy supported by the other nearly 60% of voters. This gives a relatively small number of voters veto power over the majority, which undermines the fairness of the democratic process.

What is a supermajority?

Supermajorities require even a higher threshold of support to pass. Sometimes supermajorities require 55% support for passage, sometimes 60% support for passage, sometimes more. This means that a minority of voters can block popular policies. If a policy requires 60% to pass, then just more than 40% of voters can block it.

What is majority rule?

Majority rules means that a candidate or question needs more than 50% of the total votes cast in an election to win. Nearly all elections in the United States are decided by simply majority rule. It’s simple, and it works.

Are ballot measures partisan?

How is direct democracy different from representative democracy?

Representative Democracy is the democratic system we’re most used to in the United States – voters elect officials to represent their interests and those officials make policy decisions on the people’s behalf. The people’s will is represented by those they elect. This is how Congress, the U.S. Senate and state governments work.

Direct Democracy allows voters to decide policy questions directly through ballot measures or referendums. Direct democracy does not require representation from politicians – it puts the power to pass policy directly in the hands of voters. 26 states allow citizens to put questions on the ballot themselves.

Why it matters: Direct democracy acts as a critical check and balance on representative government. When elected officials fail to act on critical issues or push through policies that are out of step with the majority, direct democracy gives citizens the power to hold the government accountable and enact the laws they need directly.

What is direct democracy?

Direct democracy is a system of democratic government in which the public makes policy decisions directly, often via a ballot measure.

What is a ballot measure?

A ballot measure is a policy question that appears on a ballot for voters to decide. Ballot measures allow voters to directly adopt or reject proposed laws and constitutional amendments. Ballot measures usually appear towards the end of a ballot, after you select candidates for office. Ballot measures can be voted on in general elections, primary elections, or special elections.

Twenty-six states and hundreds of local governments — cities, counties, and towns — have some kind of citizen-initiated ballot measure process. State legislatures in every state can also refer questions to the ballot for voters to decide.